The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a shock lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.